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Teams are required to submit their whereabouts to the world football body by March 22 with testing in training camps running from April 10 to June 10.
"Two months prior the World Cup, we will be visiting the teams unannounced," said FIFA chief medical officer Jiri Dvorak, saying that eight players in a squad will be randomly selected for blood and urine testing.
"During the World Cup itself, two players per team will be tested, randomly selected from each team, and they will be escorted immediately after the match for the doping controls."
Speaking after a football medicine conference, Dvorak told a media briefing that 320 tests will be done before the tournament and at least 256 more after kick-off.
"We have a very strict strategy in the fight against doping, in and out of competition, absolutely in compliance with the world anti-doping code and we will not deviate from this strategy," he said.
Speaking on Sunday at the conference, Dvorak called for considering alternative anti-doping strategies.
Individual testing of players cost the football world some £30m annually with just 0.3% of around 33 000 samples testing positive and 0.03% for performance enhancers, he said.
"We think that the individual in-competition and out-of-competition testing in football is really inefficient and ineffective. Random team testing of elite teams at any time offers a more deterring effect," said Dvorak.
Dvorak put forward alternatives of blood and urine tests four times a year and identifying players' hormone and steroid profiles.
