With the win, Westwood also won the inaugural Race to Dubai, the new name for the European Tour's Order of Merit crown.
The last time he had finished No1 in Europe was way back in 2000.
The 36-year-old finished with a total of 23-under par 265, six shots clear of the second placed Ross McGowan, also of England.
Northern Ireland's Rory McIlroy, who led the Race to Dubai going into the final tournament, finished third at 15-under 273.
Westwood's win was worth a total of $2.75m ($1.25m for the Dubai World Championship and $1.5m for the Race to Dubai Bonus Pool).
Final round results:
265 - Lee Westwood (Eng) 66-69-66-64
271 - Ross McGowan (Eng) 71-66-66-68
273 - Rory McIlroy (NIr) 68-69-69-67
274 - Geoff Ogilvy (Aus) 70-69-68-67; Padraig Harrington (Ire) 68-69-69-68 275 - Alexander Noren (Swe) 70-69-67-69
276 - Sergio Garcia (Esp) 71-67-69-69; Adam Scott (Aus) 68-73-67-68
278 - Ian Poulter (Eng) 71-74-68-65; Miguel Angel Jiminez (Esp) 72-68-69-69; Peter Hanson (Swe) 72-71-66-69
279 - Louis Oosthuizen (RSA) 71-66-71-71
280 - Jeev Milkha Singh (Ind) 70-72-68-70; Robert Allenby (Aus) 65-72-73-70; Thomas Aiken (RSA) 68-70-70-72
281 - Oliver Wilson (Eng) 71-72-70-68; Anthony Wall (Eng) 71-71-70-69; Liang Wen-chong (PRC) 68-70-73-70; Camilo Villegas (Col) 66-71-73-71; Retief Goosen (RSA) 69-71-69-72; Bradley Dredge (Wales) 70-71-68-72
282 - Johan Edfors (Swe) 69-70-71-72
283 - Scott Strange (Aus) 73-67-73-70; Jamie Donaldson (Wal) 73-70-69-71; Henrik Stenson (Swe) 71-71-70-71; Thomas Levet (Fra) 73-69-68-73
284 - Gareth Maybin (Nir) 71-69-74-70; Anders Hansen (Den) 73-69-70-72; Graeme Storm (Eng) 78-66-67-73
285 - Graeme McDowell (NIr) 76-70-71-68; Gregory Bourdy (Fra) 71-71-73-70; Raphael Jacquelin (Fra) 70-73-72-70; Rafael Cabrera-Bello (Esp) 71-67-75-72; James Kingston (RSA) 73-73-67-72; Soren Kjeldsen (Den) 73-69-71-72; Francesco Molinari (Ita) 72-68-71-74
286 - Gonzalo Fernandez-Castano (Esp) 70-73-74-69; Luke Donald (Eng) 73-72-71-70; Thongchai Jaidee (Tha) 70-74-70-72; Martin Kaymer (Ger) 71-71-72-72; Simon Dyson (Eng) 70-73-70-73
287 - Niclas Fasth (Swe), 73-72-73-69; David Drysdale (Sco) 72-73-73-69; Richard Sterne (RSA) 72-71-74-70; Peter Lawrie (Irl) 71-70-76-70; Alvaro Quiros (Esp) 69-75-73-70; Ross Fisher (Eng) 73-71-70-73; Chris Wood (Eng) 66-78-68-75
288 - Nick Dougherty (Eng) 69-72-73-74
289 - Justin Rose (Eng) 72-75-73-69; Ernie Els (RSA) 74-74-70-71; Robert Rock (Eng) 74-70-69-76
290 - Charl Schwartzel (RSA) 74-72-74-70
291 - Steve Webster (Eng) 75-73-73-70; Damien McGrane (Irl) 74-70-76-71; Peter Hedblom (Swe) 75-72-73-71; Soren Hansen (Den) 73-73-73-72
295 - Danny Willett (Eng), 76-70-73-76