Karlsson's withdrawl leaves a field of 156 players to compete for the Claret Jug starting on Thursday morning at Royal Lytham at St Annes.
He will not be replaced in the field, as it was already slated to start with one player more than the usual limit due to an unexpectedly low number of withdrawn players.
"Just pulled out of the British open," Karlsson posted on his Twitter page. "Have got into some bad habits in my game and routine that I need to address. taking a few weeks off."
England's Richard Finch, who had been scheduled to tee off at 06:30 on Thursday, will move into the 13:10 spot Karlsson had occupied, joining South African Branden Grace and American Mark Wilson.
Now the opening group at 06:30 will feature England's Barry Lane, South African Garth Mulroy and American James Driscoll.